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Uterine Cancer
Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, refers to the abnormal growth of cells in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). It is the most common type of cancer of the female reproductive system. Here are some key points about uterine cancer:
Causes:
The exact cause of uterine cancer is unknown, but certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease. These include obesity, hormonal imbalances (such as an excess of estrogen), age (risk increases with age), a history of endometrial hyperplasia (abnormal thickening of the uterine lining), taking tamoxifen (a medication used for breast cancer treatment), and hereditary conditions like Lynch syndrome.
Symptoms:
The most common symptom of uterine cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding, particularly after menopause. Other symptoms may include pelvic pain or pressure, pain during intercourse, changes in bowel or bladder habits, and unexplained weight loss. It's important to note that these symptoms can be caused by conditions other than cancer as well.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis of uterine cancer typically involves a combination of methods. These may include a pelvic examination, imaging tests (such as ultrasound or MRI), a biopsy (sampling of the uterine tissue for analysis), and dilation and curettage (scraping of the uterine lining for examination).
Stages:
Uterine cancer is staged based on the extent of its spread. The stages range from Stage I (cancer is confined to the uterus) to Stage IV (cancer has spread to distant organs). Staging helps determine the appropriate treatment approach and provides information about prognosis.
Treatment:
The primary treatment options for uterine cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The specific treatment plan depends on various factors, such as the stage and grade of cancer, the individual's overall health, and personal preferences. Surgery typically involves the removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) and may also include the removal of nearby lymph nodes or other affected tissues.