Cytoreductive surgery, also known as debulking surgery, is a surgical procedure performed with the goal of removing as much visible tumor tissue as possible in individuals with advanced or metastatic cancer. It is commonly used in the treatment of certain types of cancers, including ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, and some forms of peritoneal cancer.

The primary objective of cytoreductive surgery is to reduce the tumor burden within the body. By removing visible tumors, the procedure aims to improve the effectiveness of subsequent treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and enhance the overall prognosis of the patient. Cytoreductive surgery is often performed in combination with other treatments as part of a multidisciplinary approach.

During the surgery, the surgeon will make incisions and carefully remove visible tumor masses from the affected organs and surrounding tissues. In some cases, adjacent lymph nodes may also be removed to assess their involvement. The extent of the surgery depends on the location and size of the tumors, as well as the overall health and tolerance of the patient.

Cytoreductive surgery is typically performed by experienced surgical oncologists who specialize in treating cancer. It may be a complex and lengthy procedure, requiring a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including surgeons, anesthesiologists, and oncologists.

After cytoreductive surgery, additional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be administered to target any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence. The specific treatment plan varies depending on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the individual's overall health.