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Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries, which are the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones. It is the eighth most common cancer in women and is often referred to as the "silent killer" because it is difficult to detect in its early stages and symptoms may be vague or mistaken for other conditions.
Causes:
The exact cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, but certain factors may increase the risk, including family history of ovarian or breast cancer, inherited gene mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), age (risk increases with age), and hormonal factors.
Symptoms:
Early-stage ovarian cancer may not cause any noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include abdominal bloating or swelling, pelvic pain, frequent urination, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, changes in bowel habits, and fatigue. However, these symptoms can be caused by other conditions as well.
Diagnosis:
Ovarian cancer is typically diagnosed through a combination of methods, including a pelvic examination, imaging tests (such as ultrasound or CT scan), blood tests (including the CA-125 tumor marker), and, in some cases, a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
Stages:
Ovarian cancer is staged based on how far it has spread. The stages range from Stage I (cancer is confined to the ovaries) to Stage IV (cancer has spread to distant organs). The stage of ovarian cancer helps guide treatment decisions and prognosis.
Treatment:
Treatment options for ovarian cancer may include surgery to remove the cancerous tissue, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The specific treatment plan depends on factors such as the stage of cancer, the individual's overall health, and personal preferences.